Steel compact



7 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. G. CUMMINGS. Interlocking Switch and Signal Apparatus. No. 226,499.Patented April 13,1880.

Witnemygd Ira/6720 @QflM ditto r1117 7 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. G. CUMMINGS. Interlocking Switch and Signal Apparatus. No. 226,499.

Patented April 13,1l880.

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N. PETCRS: Phclwliihagnp-m. Waihlrlgirm. n. c.

7 Sheets-Sheet 3.

A. G. CUMMINGS. I Interlocking Switch and Signal Apparatus. No..226,499. Patented April 13,fl88.

7 Sheets-Sheet 4.

A. G. CUMMINGS. Interlocking Switch and Signal Apparatus. No. 226,499.Patented April 53, E880.

7 Sheets-Sheet 5.

I A. G. CUMMINGS. Interlocking Switch and Signal Apparatus. No. 226,499.Patented April 13,1880.

N. PETERS. PhnwLimv n ber. Wamngtan. I). c

7Sheet sSheet 6. A. G. CUMMINGS.

Interlocking Switch and Signal Apparatus. NO. 226,499. Patented April13. 1880..

7 Sheets-Sheet 7.

A. G. CUMMINGS. Interlocking Switch and Signal Apparatus.

N0. 22?,499. I Patented pril 3,1880.

, J 4 f2 [1 u Q a Z 4 e 2/ v 4 u @a 8 i o 0 I u 5 I z j J I J i I o 0 0L- UNITED STATES PATENT ALBER" G. CUMMINGS, OF HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA,ASSIGNOR TO PENNSYLVANIA STEEL COMPANY.

,INTERLOCK ING SWITCH AND, SIGNAL APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATlION forming part of Letters Patent No. 226,499, dated. April13, 1880.

\ Application filed November 7, 1879.

To all whom it'mag concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT G. CUMMINGS, of Harrisburg, in the county ofDauphin and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Interlocking Switch and Signal Apparatus; and I dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichit appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, whichform a part of this specification.

My invention relates to the interlocking of railroad switches andsignals for the purpose of preventing the liability of the collision oftwo trains occasioned by a switch-operator showing by signals twointerfering lines of track open at the same time.

Numerous devices and systems for these purposes have been in use for anumber of years.

By the interlocking system applied to switches and signals is to beunderstood, in general, that the setting of the switch or switches withtheir appropriate signal or signals to open a certain line of trackslocks all conflicting switches, and locks in position indicating dangerall signals conflicting with said line.

The objects aimed at in such systems are that nothing may be left to thejudgment of the switch-operator; that following the obvious safety rulein opening a given course of moving switches first, locking the samenext,

and, last of all, setting the signals to go ahead, the said movementsshall lock fast all the levers operating conflicting signals, so thatthey cannot be operated; that a certain course of track being indicatedto the operator to be opened for the passage of a train, the changing ofswitches and signals may, so far as possible, begin at the pointfarthest from said train and end with the signal nearest to it;

and that in all cases said signal shall be locked to i ndicate dangeruntil the course of track to be opened shall be in order and said signalbe set for the train to proceed, and that the setting of said signal toproceed shall lock to danger all conflicting signals not already locked.

My invention consists of improvements in the construction, arrangements,and combinations of interlocking devices, as hereinafter fullydescribed,- and shown in the drawings, in which- On Sheet 1, Figure l isa transverse vertical section on line as a of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a rearelevation, showing the hand-levers and interlocking bars. Fig.1 is aside view of a shoe detached.

On Sheet 2, Fig. 3 is a top view of the floorplate'and hand-levers.Figs. 4, 5, and Gare side elevations detached, showing the special locksattached to locking-bars, which move in only one direction in operatingthe interlocking devices. Fig. 7 is a face view of the plate attached toone of the upright bars, which plate is provided with a' diagonal slotto receive a diamond-shaped piece, S, attached to one of the horizontallocking-bars. Fig. Sis an edge view of the plate J, shown in Fig. 7,with the bar 0 in section and part S attached thereto. Figs. 9 and 10are top views of the bars and locks shown in Figs. 5 and 6,respectively. Fig. 11 is a transverse section of the girt B on line 3 3/of Fig. 13, which is a top view of the middle portion of the girt B,showing the arms for the stays of the foot or floor plate. Fig. 12 is atop view, and Figs. 14 and 15 are edge and side views,respectively, ofthe catch-guide with its attachments.

0n Sheet 3, Fig. 16 is a longitudinal section of a portion of the girt Don line 2 z of Fig. 17, which is a cross-section of girt D on line 10 wof Fig. 18, which is a front view of a portion of that girt and itssupporting-column. Figs. 19 and 20 are side and top views, respectively,of special locks attached to the bars, which move in diii'erentdirections in operating the locking devices. In Fig. 19 the outsideplate is removed. Figs. 21 and 22 are top and side views respectively,of the lockingbars with the same locking devices (with the outer plateremoved) applied ditierently.

On Sheet 4, Fig. 23 is a diagram of railroad-tracks, in which 1, 2, 3,10, 11 represent semaphores, which are to be noticed only from theoutside of the shunting-area protected by said signals. Fig. 24 is atable showing the action of theinterlocking devices in opening theseveral courses indicated in the diagram.

The numbers used thereon indicate the numbers of the levers, and theirposition-inclined to the right or leftindicates the position of thelevers, as vertical or reversed.

On Sheet 5, Fig. is a plan view of a three-throw switch, showing thecompound switch -1ev er, its eon-nectingrods, and the switch-lockingbolt.

On Sheet G Figs. 26 and 27 are two parts of one figure, showing certainapplications and operations of my special and combination looks. Theright-hand portion of Fig. 27 joins the left-hand portion of Fig. 26.Fig. 28 is a. plan view, showing bars 6, 8, 5, and 11, anda combinationof locks arranged thereon. Fig. 29 is a plan view, showing the mode ofarranging the locking-projections upon the vertical and horizontal bars.Fig. 30 is a vertical section of a bar, 0, with a locking-projection soattached as not to interfere with other moving parts.

On Sheet 7, Fig. 31 is a perspective view,

- showing the connection of the levers with the heading or trimmingjoists for the floor around the apparatus.

The girt B supports and forms the fulcrum for the hand-levers A, and isprovided with a number of projections, a, extending upward andsupporting the pivot-pins (0 which pins are held in place in theprojections by the straps E and the keys a extended through slots b inthe projections, (shown in Fig. 11 of the drawings.) Each of these slotsis provided with a recess, a, and the keys are curved so that they bearonly for a short distance inwardly from each end of the slots, and eachkey is secured and tightened by a nut on the small end working against asleeve placed on the key between the nut and the strap E, which sleevecovers surplus screw-threads for the required adjustment. If preferred,said keys and keyways maybe madestraight. Each projection Va, except thetwo at the ends of the girt, supports one end of each of two pins, (1",which are made separate for each lever-shoe, instead of one continuousrod, for the purpose of allowing each lever to be removed and adjustedseparately without disturbing the other levers. The ends of girt B areprovided with ,fianges 2', which rest on the flanges t" of the columns'11 and are bolted to the end plates, A.

The girt I), Fig.3l, forms the fulcrum for the bell-cranks by which theswitches and signals are moved, and this girt is provided withprojections d, which support the pivotal pins d, held in'place by clampsd, which are secured by bolts h in the slots 9 in the projections d,which slots are formed with suitable angular projections to receive andhold the heads of the bolts, all as shown in Fig. 18.

I do not herein claim this form ofgirt, but reserve the same assubject-matter for afuture application.

The two methods described of holding the pins in the two girts may beused interchangeably, or other immovable pivots for the levers andbell-cranks may be secured in place by any other'suitable devices, andthe angle determining the figure of the projections 01 may be variedfrom siXt-y degrees, which I have preferred.

Girts of other than cylindrical forms, having projections of therequisite lengths to allow the movements of the levers and belleranks,will serve the same purposes as the girts B D.

In an apparatus havinga large number of levers requiring longer girtsthe requisite additional strength to sustain the strain of the leversmay beobtained, when the girt is tubular, by decreasing the size of thecore at the center, thus increasing the thickness of the metal in thecenter of the girt, or by constructing the girt with a web on the lineof the greatest strain. In either case the exterior of the girt will bethe same size, and if the span is so great as to require it, additionalsupports therefor may be employed.

A is the shoe, having a vertical groove, f, to receive the lower part ofthe lever A, and having an inclined groove, f, to receive thecounterbalance lever F, when employed, or such portion thereof, F, as isneeded to form a projection for attaching the connecting-rods. The shoeis also provided with the boss f at one end and edge to receive thepivotal pin M, as shown in Fig. 1.

The object of this construction of the shoe is to use one bar, whendesirable, for the counterbalance-lever F.- and connecting-bar F.

Heretoforethe shoe has been pivoted near its horizontal center,requiring the pivot to be raised a greater distance above the girt thanis required with my shoe to allow clearance of the shoe for the movementof the lever.

It will be readily seen that by-pivoting the shoe at one end, as I haveshown and dc scribed, the pivot may be much nearer the girt, and stillthe shoe will have the requisite clearance to allow the movements of thelever; also,- by my construction of the shoe the lever A is in nearly avertical position when normal or forward, without the necessity ofconstructin g it with a bend or bends, as required with other shoes;also, by constructing the shoe with the groove f above the pivotal boltthe groove may be extended entirely across the shoe, and the one grooveanswers for the balance-lever and connecting-bar, dispensing with one ofthe groovesrequired in the shoes pivoted at the center.

This shoe may be constructed with the rearms are con quired strength ofless metal than those made as heretofore.

Where the counterbalance-lever F is not required the connecting-bar Fneed not be. extended rearward beyond the shoe.

The floor-plate E is provided on the upper side with the lugs 0 formingside guides to the lower ends of bars B, and on the under side with theflanges f f and the arcs e, which arcs form the bearings for the catchesk", and these arcs are provided with the shoulders 0 near the front endsand 6 near the back ends to catch the guide Kand hold the levers A inthe normal and reversed posltions respectively.

I is the segment-lever, formed solid from a simple bar of metal, andpivoted at 0, near its center, under the floor-plate E, and extendingbetween friction-rollers on the catch-guide K, to be described, isconnected to one of the lock-bars B by a connection-arm, P. This form ismuch more simple and easy of con struetion than the slotted linkheretofore used. 1

By placing the segment lever under the floor-plate the mechanism foroperating the interlocking devices is out of the way of the feet andremoved from the grit and dirt, that would work into and injure theworking parts if above the floor-plate.

l is a locking device consisting of a piece having the two arms I; bpermanently fastened to the lever A above the shoe. These structed ofthe requisite length and shape to form bearin gs to the under edge ofthe segment-lever I when vibrated. by the downward movement of thecatch-guide, for thepurpose of holding the segment-lever, and by it thelocking-bar B, in a stationary'position during the stroke of the leverA. This piece I" is provided with a lateral lug, i, (seen in Fig. 2,)formingthe lower bearingof the spiral spring 1'', which is adjusted in asocket in the lower part of the catch guide, the upper end of whichspring bears against the lower-end of the catch-rod to move therod-upward, forcing the catch into notches e e on the arcs e on the bottomof the plate.

It will be seen that during the movementof the lever the two' arms I) 11form a bearing on each side of its pivotal bearing 0, preventing thesegment from moving ti'll both arms have passed said pivotal hearing,when it is freeto move. 7

The hand-levers A are connected to the interlocking mechanism asfollows: K is the catch-guide, secured to the lower end of the catch-rodN,.aud is constructed to slide upon the hand-lever A friction roller, l,(see Fig. 12,) which revolves on a .pin, 7:, between the sides of theguide, and bears against the front ofthe lever. The catch-guide isprovided with two anti-friction rollers, ,I and [L2, (shown in Figs. 1,12, and 14,) one over and the other under the segmentlever 1, so as toallow the guide to pass freely and is provided with an antion saidsegment-lever and cause every vertical movement of the guide to actuatethe segmentlever.

M is a handle pivoted on the pin 0 in an eye near the top of the leverA, and is provided with an angular arm, 0 pivoted to a connectingblockprovided with a numberplate, L, and a socket having screw-threads toreceive the screw on the upper end of the catch-rod N, which by thescrew maybe adjusted to the required length. The rod operatingby thrust,it is essential to arrange the number-plate upon the block instead ofupon the handle.

One end of the segment-lever is hinged to the lower end of theconnecting-arm P, and the upper end of this arm is connected to thelock-bar B by a pin, Q, which carries the antifriction rollers It R-oneon each side of the arm P-which rollers are arranged to work freelybetween the two flan ges f f of the plate E, guiding the bar B, andpreventing its turn: ing by the resistance encountered in moving thelocking-bars.

In the interlocking systems heretofore employed the levers governing theswitches and, signals have been locked by simple projections arrangedupon horizontal sliding or rocking bars, said projections engagingeither the levers themselves, to prevent movement thereof, or other barsconnected to the levers or their catches. (See Figs. 26 and 30.)

The locking mechanism of my apparatus consists, in addition to thesedevices, of the special and combination locks, hereinafter described,adjusted on slidingbars 0, arranged in the case shownone series in frontand another series in the rear of the short lockbars B-and extendinglengthwise of the apparatus the requisite distance to connect any two ormore levers. These bars (J are placed at a sufficient distance from thelock-bars B to allow'the use of projections (where heretofore notcheshave been used) on the bars 0 of both series, to engage with similarprojections on any bar B. The object of this last-named arrangement isto allow of using special and combination locks between or upon one setof horizontal bars, so as to engage with projee' tions on such anotherset of vertical bars, or the converse, as require to be interlocked.

I am aware that interlocking bars have been arranged on both sides ofthe lock-bars and at a suitable distance therefrom in certain conditionsof said lock-bars; but in other conditions, by a lateral vibrationthereof, they are brought so near the interlocking bars as to interferewith the use of special and combination locks on the latter. 1 uselock-projections on the lock-bars in lieu of such vibration.

The mechanism for actuating the bars l) by the bars B consists ofapiece, J, Figs. 7 and 8, provided with a diagonal slot, I), fastened tothe bar B in any suitable manner, (though I have shown for Lhatpurposetwo flanges upon its rear side.) and a diamond-shape piece, S,

IIO

fastened to the bar 0 and adjusted to slide in the slot, asshown in Fig.8.

, If desirable, more than one bar 0 may be attached to a bar, 13, byusing additional connections J S for each, or abar, B, may simply have alock projection without a bar-connection, J S, as the conditions of thecase may require.

Various other modes of actuating the lockin g-bars may be employed;butfor the present I prefer the mode described and shown.

Should the number of levers require more bars 0 than could well beplaced in a single stand, 0, the apparatus can be made to use a doublestand with four series of locking-bars. In such case the counter-weightI on the segment-lever may be dispensed with, and a short leverattachment maybe made either at the Cop or bottom end of the bars B, sothat when one bar B is raised the one attached to the opposite end ofthe lever is lowered.

The stand 0 may be extended upward, so as to admit more bars 0, as thecase may require. The upper parts of these stands are stayed in positionby the tie-plates it, having top guides, to, to bars B, which plates areprovided with projections on the inner ends to fit in a groovein the topof the middle stand, and the plates are fastened to the top of thestands by screws or bolts.

The combination-lock shown in Figs. 5 and 9 consists of a slidingsleeve, m, on one of the bars 0, operated by a lever, k", pivoted to thesleeve and to the connectin -bars m. eachtof which is pivoted to one ofthe bars 0. Either of these connecting-bars may be attached to a'speciallock, A", and thus the lever and sleeve m may be operated by either ofmore than two bars, if desired, thus enabling the machine to operate agreater number of combinations, all as hereinafter more fully described.In such an'apparatus, as usually constructed, by reversing the leversfrom a normal or forward position all of the bars O'on one side of thebars B move in one direction, and all of the bars Con the other side ofthe bars B move in theo'ppositc direction; and in those apparatusheretofore constructed a bar, B, locked hy'the movement of a bar, 0, isunlocked by the reverse movement of the same bar 0."

The object of my combination-lock above referred to is to lock thebar Bby the movement ofone of the bars 0, and unlock that bar by the movementof another bar 0, both of these bars moving in the opposite direction,as will be hereinafter described.

This combination-lock maybe changed by placing the sleeve at the centerof the lever 70 and attaching the connecting-bars m to the ends of thelever It". ran gement may be that the movement of either of the bars 0will lock the bar B, or'themovemcnt of one may look it and that of theother unlock it, or that of one'inay bring the sleeve to such a pointthat the movement of the other The effect of this ari look by attachingone end of the lever k to the will lock it, all according to the'spacesand positions in which the device is placed upon the bars 0.

The connecting-bars m may be dispensed with by providing the ends of thelever k? with slots to receive pins projecting horizontally from thebars 0.

The special look A, Figs. 4 and 4, consists of two plates, at n,arranged one on each side of two of the bars 0, and fastened together bybolts, as shown in Fig. 4. The inner one of these plates n has its upperand lower ends widened and formed into rectangular nihs or shouldersadapted to engage and disengage with the locking-projections on a bar,B,

Hence I call them special locks. Between these plates is a doubleoscillating pawl, s,

pivoted on the middle bolt at s.

The free oscillating end of the pawl is bifurcated, and constructed andarranged to catch in the notches s in the bars 0. In forming thesenotches the bars are widened, as shown at s in Fig. 19, sufticiently tocatch the points of the pawl to prevent the liability'ot its passing thenotches, the width of this bifurcated end of the pawl being equal to thespace between the inner edge of one of the bars and the bottom of thenotch in the other bar, so that the pawl will always remain in one orboth of the notches.

The notches in the bars and the catching ends of the pawl are shaped, asshown in the drawings, so that in the movement of the bars 0 the pawlwill readily catch in the notches and move the locks.

By reference to Fig. etit will be seen that the special lock thereinshown is apparently the same as that shown in Fig. 4?; but by itsapplication, as in said Figs, 4 and 4, to pairs of bars 0, moving,respectively, one pair to the left and the other pair to the right, theresult is reversed-that is, as applied in Fig.4?" either of the two barsmoves the lock and its connections. As applied in Fig. 4 the movement ofboth bars is needed, either at once or one after the other, to move thelock and its connections. By this arrangement one of said bars may stillbe used in other combinations without disturbing the lock, the pawlthereby begig merely thrown into the notch of the other ar. y

The special look just described may be combined with a riding lock, thewhole forming a combination-lock, as follows: B and B are riding locks,and are constructed to ride between two horizontally-opposite bars, andare provided with three grooved bearings, 12 v '0, adapted to receiveand slide oi the bars 0, and one flat bearing, 1;, adj usted to bearagainst the inner side of one of the -bars .(J. This riding lock iscombined with the special horizontally opposite to the bars carrying thespecial lock, or that end of the lever may be attached to anotherspecial lockand operated by the movement of either of two bars 0 on thatside of the stand. Thus the riding lock may be operated by either offour bars 0, as shown in Figs. 26 and 28. The movement; of all of thesebars operating the special and combination lock may be in one direction,as shown in Figs. 6 and 10, for locking and unlocking the bar B; or onebar 0, marked 4, may move in the same direction aforesaid to lock bar B,and the bars 0 marked 8 and 9 may move in an opposite direction tounlock bar B, as seen in Figs. 21 and 22, in which case, while themovement of bar 4 looks bar B, both 8 and 9 are required to unlock thesame. g

The lock B (shown in Figs. 6 and 10) is constructed the same as the lockB, (shown in Figs. 20,and 21,) except that B" is provided withprojections t, and this B is used where the bars all move in onedirection to lock and 'unlock bar B, in which case, by the combinationof the special lock A with the riding lock B or 13. the bar B may belocked by the movement of either of the two bars O,carrying the speciallock, and the same bar Bmay be unlocked by the movement of the oppositebar 0, bearing the end of lever 70 The combination of the locks shown inFigs. 19".1nd 20 dili'ers from that shown in Figs. 6 and 10 and in Figs.21 and 22 in this particular only-via, that the movement of bar 5 in onedirection (shown by the arrow) locks the bar B, the movement of bar 6 inthe opposite direction (shown by the arrow) unlocks the same bar B, andthe movement of -the bar 8. in the same direction with bar 5 (shown alsoby the arrow) relocks bar 13.

G represents a compound switch-lever pivoted in the center to the end ofa rod, (1 attached to the switch, as seen in Figs. 25. and 31. Theconnecting-rods It h are pivoted to the ends of the lever G, thebell-crank operat-' ing one of said rods having a supplementary support,and being reversed to reverse the movement; and they are arranged sothat by the full stroke in reversing either of the levers attached tothe connecting-rods the switch will be set to one of the sidings, thusavoiding the necessity of stopping the lever in the middle of the stroketo set the switch to the middle track, (as would be the case if but onelever were used,) which middle position of the lever would prevent thecomplete operation of the interlocking devices. By arranging this leverG near the apparatus I am able to avoid duplicating the connections hofthe apparatus with remote switches. The lever and its connectious arealso applicable to the operating of two signals by a single connection,01

The new operations and results obtained in interlocking by these specialand combination locks are hereinafter fully set forth.

It is sometimes advantageous to use one distant signal-- that is, acaution signaldanger or safety in connection with two home signals for ajunction of a main track with abranch track, and in such cases it isimportant that the dis taut signal should interlock with eitherof thehome signals, that it may show safety when either of them shows safety,and its lever be free after either of the home signals has indicatedsafety. For this purpose a special look, A, Fig. 4, may be used. Thus,in said figure bar B is operated by the catch of the distantsignal-lever, and is locked to caution by the special look A engagingthe projection 1* upon the said bar; but either of the bars 0, which areoperated by the catches of the levers of the two home signals, willunlock the bar B, so that the distant signal may be set to safety, andother applications ofthe same device are desirable to make a completesys tem and secure control of the hand-levers. I do not, however, claim,broadly, liberating a distant signal-lever by mechanism connected witheither of two home signals. .11; is, however, the practice of somerailroad ofiicials to use but one home signal to indicate either for amain and branch line,

allowing the switch-target to indicate to the locomotive-engineer thedirection in which the switch is set.

The object of my special and combination locks is to enable, in likemanner, a lesser number of such signals to be employed where a greatercomplexity of tracks and switches exists-as, for instance, at railwayterminalsand at the same time to secure positive safety in the moving oftrains by a complete system of interlocking, and to operate the samewith a correspondingly limited number of levers. These locks enable meto modify an existing interlocking combination very quickly and withoutthe necessity of reaching the same by way of other intermediatecombinations, as will be hereinafter explained in connection with adiagram of tracks.

To explain 'mym'eaning, I submit a diagram of tracks, Fig. 23, numberedto correspond with numbersthat may be used by an interlocking apparatushaving eleven or more levers, with arrows and letters to indicate thepoint from which trains may be run at the same time, having all theswitches and signals thoroughly interlocked by my devices ofspecial andcombination locks. Of the eleven levers involved in operating the systemindicated in Fig. 23, Nos. 4, 5, 7, and 8 are switch-moving levers, eachlever moving the two switches at the junctions of a crossover with twostraight lines-that is, lever 4 moving the two switches marked 4, lever5 the two marked 5, and so on. Nos. 6 and 9are switch-lockinglevers-that is, levers which govern lock-bolts in the track, as shown inFig. 25, acting directly upon the rails of certain switches over whichtrains pass at a considerable speed. These locks are devices additionalto and separate from the interlocking mechanism, which latter also looksthe levers operating them as well as the switch and signal levers. Levervwhen a switch is spoken of as locked the switch lock-bolt is referred.to, and when a lever is spoken of as locked the interlocking mechanismis referred to. Levers numbered 1, 2, 3', 10, and 11 are signal-levers,1, 2,and

3 being signals for trains moving down, andand 11 signals for trainsmoving up.

' In the arrangement as shown, when the leare .disengaged, and allsignals are at danger.

Therefore, before trains can pass, the switchlock levers must be drawnor reversed, which releases the proper signal-levers, and then they maybe reversed.

In order to move alever, either to reverse it or return it to a normalposition, the catch must be depressed to release the lever, and thedepression of the catch willalways cause a partial movement up or downof its corresponding bar B; and at the end of either movement of a leverthe catch will be raised by its spring to make fast the lever, whichwill complete the said movement of its bar B. The reversing of a leveroccasions the depression of its bar B, and the return of a lever to thenormal position causes a rise of its bar B.

First operation: Let us supposean lip-train to be approaching thestation from A to B. Switches 4 andS must be set to the main line andswitch 8 locked, and signal 10 set to safety. Switch-levers 4 and 8remain forward. Locklever 9,will be reversed to lock switch 8, and.switch-lever &normal, and release signal-lever 10, which will then bereversed, which, in turn, will lock the lock-lever 9 reversed and theswitch-lever 4 normal.

- Referring now to Figs. 26 and 27, in which parts marked with lettersand figures inclining to the left are arranged in the rear of bars B, orfrom the observer, and parts marked by letters and figures inclining tothe right are arranged upon the front of bars B, or toward the observer,and all the parts are in the position occupied when the levers are allnormal, it will be seen that depressing bar B 9 will, by means of itspiece J, cause (3 9 to move to the left, and said movement of O 9 willcause the block 7' 9 to pass under the block 7 on bar B 8, so lockin gswitch-lever 8 normal. The same movement of bar -B 9 also removes theblock 1' from beside r 10 on bar 0 10, so releasing bar 13 10, andconsequently signal-lever 10.

Then reversing signal-lever 10 causes block r 10 to move to the leftover blookr on barB 9, so looking it down, which looks lock-lever 9reversed. The same movement of bar B 10 causes the block 1' thereon tofall into engagement with the shoulder 1' of riding lock B, thuspreventing said look from moving to the right; and since the riding lockcarries the lever one end of which is connected to O 4 and its other endto the rearward projection of special lock A, if said special lock isheld fast, it is obvious that O 4 is locked. Now,

said special lock is held fast by the reversing of lever 9, which, bythe consequent movement of O 9 to the left, causes pawl s to fall in thenotch s of O S, which, as aforesaid,- is

locked normal. All parts are now set to per" mit the train to pass fromA to B, Fig. 23.

Second operation: Let it be desired to take a train from A to B, Fig.23, aroundan obstruction, S. First, switch-lever 4must be reversed,which sets switches 4 to the cross-over. It also locks signal-levers 2and 10 normalthatis, to dangerand' retains the latter so locked untilthe lock-lever 9 is reversed. It also looks switch-lever5 normal. locklever 6 is reversed, lockin g switches 4 to the cross-over and 5 and 7to the-straight line, and lockin g switch-levers 4 reversed and 5 and 7normal, and releasing switch lever 8 and lock-lever 9. Switch-lever 8 isthen reversed, which looks the lock-lever 6 reversed. Locklever 9 is nowreversed, which locks switches 8 and switch-lever 8 reversed, andreleases signal-lever 10, which is then reversed, lockin g lock-lever 9reversed.

Referring now to Figs. 26 and 28, reversin g lever 4, by means of J uponbar B 4, causes bar'G 4 to move to the right and engage block r onbar-.0 4 under block 1' on bar B 2, so lock-v in g signal-lever2 todanger. The same movement of bar G 4 in like manner engages bar B 5,locking switch-lever 5 normal. It also carries the front end of lever isto the right, and with it the shoulder r of riding lock B under block 1'on bar B 10, so looking signal-lever l0 normal-that is, to danger. Saidmovement of G 4 also .carries block 1* thereon entirely past block r onbar B 6, lockin g said B" 6 during its movement only. Next, reversinglever 6 tolock switches 4, 5, and 7, Fig. 23, as

above required, depresses B 6, locking lever 4, by the downwardengagement of block 4" on bar B 6 with r onbarO 4, which has alreadypassed to the right of said block 1". The aforesaid movement of bar B 6causes block 1 thereon to engage the left side of block 1" on lower bar,0 5, solocking switch-lever 5 normal, (for it is to be observed thatinthe present case vertical bars B 5 and B 6 move two horizontal bars, 0,each.) The same movement of bar B 6 also causes the upper bar, G 6, tomove to the'right,"carrying block 7 thereon under block 4" on bar B 7,so looking lever 7 normal. The same movement of bar B 6 also moves lowerbar, 0 6, to the left, wh ch carries block Then switchr thereon clear ofblock 1' on bar B 8, so releasing switch-lever 8. The same movement ofbar B 6 also releases lock-lever 9, as hereinafter described in thethird operation, in connection with the working of bar B 6. Switchlever8 is then reversed. Lever 6 being already reversed, and block r on lowerbar, 06, being already to the left of block 1" on bar B 8 to release thesame, the reversing of lever 8 causes block r on bar B 8 to fallupon theright side of said block 4", and so locks lever 6 reversed; Thereversing of lever 8' before mentioned,

causing bar 8 to move to the left, caused the.

double pawl s of the look A to entire] y engage the notch s of bar 0 9,connecting said block with said bar, N ow the reversing of lever 9 tolock switches 8, causing bar 0 9 to move to the left, both locks lever 8reversed-that is, block 1" on bar B 8 having already dropped below block1* 9 on barO 9, is locked down by block 9 9 moving to the left overit-and releases 4 lever 10 .by reason of the bar 0 9 carrying the look Awith it, and so withdrawing the shoul= der 1' of the ridinglock P fromthe block 1' on bar B 10, whereby the signal-lever is released. Thelatter is now reversed, and bar B 9 being already depressed by reversalof lever 9, and having carried block -ron said her 4 B 9 below 1" 10 onbar 0 10, is locked in such position by the movement of bar 0 10 to theleft. Lever9 is also locked by reversinglever 10 by block 1' on bar B 10falling in the track of shoulder 1' on riding lock 13, which riding lockis now in connection with bar 0 9 35 through the medium of lock A andlever k, as above set forth.

One illustration of the advantage of my special and combination locksappears in theoperation just described, in which the first movement ofswitch-lever 4 having at outset locked signal-lever 10 to danger, saidsignal-lever 10 is afterward unlocked by lock-lever 9-, all intermediatechanges having been made, and the entire combination being in readinessto disclose signal 10 at safety. I thus avoid the necessity of twosignals near A, one to indicate the condition of the straight line,theother to indicate that of the curved line from A to B; for whereas,under the simple block system heretofore used, switch-lever 4, beingreversed in the beginning, would look signal 10 to danger and hold itthere, and so necessitate an additional signal toindicate that thecurved line was clear when all switches and locks were set therefor, bymy improvement'the same signal 10, though locked while the changes aremaking, is unlocked when all the rest are complete, and may then itselfbe used to indicate safety over the curved line.

Third operation: ,Let it be desired to take a train from A to D, Fig.23. First switch-levers 4 and 7 being left normal, switch-lever 5 mustbe reversed, locking switch-lever 4 normal, signal-lever 2 to danger,and signal-lever 3 to danger, also, until locklevers 6 and 9 arereversed. Said lock-lever 6 being then reversed locks switches 5,4, and7, switch-lever 5 reversed, and switch-levers 4 and 7 normal, andreleases switch-lever 8, lock-lever 9, and signal-lever 3 from itself,(lever 6.) Switchlever 8 being next reversed relocks signal-lever 3, andalso looks signal-leverll to danger and lock-lever 6 reversed. Duringits stroke also lock-lever 9 is also locked, but is released at the endof said stroke. Then reversing locklever 9 locks switches 8 andswitch-leverS reversed, and releases signal-lever 10 and signal-lever 3from itself, (lever 9.) Sign al-lever l0 being then reversed lockslock-lever 9 reversed.

Referring now to Figs. 26 and 27, first, re-

versing lever 5 carriesv block r on bar B 5 down to arrest the movementof block on bar 0 4 to the right, so lockingleveret normal. The samemovement of bar B 5 also moves lower bar, 0 5, to the left, carryingblock 4'' thereon under block 1, attached to bar-B 2, so lockingsignal-lever 2 normal-thatis. to danger. Same movement of. said bar 0 5carries special lock A with it by reason of double pawl .9 beingconfined in notch s of said bar '0 5, the'extension n of Sitidelflfik Abeing connected with front end of lever k (see Fig. 28,) whichleveriscentrally pivoted upon the riding lock B, and at its rear end isconnected to the extension n of another special look, A", upon rearbars, 0 8 and O 11.

It will now be seen that the movement of lower bar, 0 5, to the-left,above referred to, carries special look A and the front end of lever 10to the left, which must comm nnicate one-half of said motion to ridinglock 13, whose shoulder 0 thereby passes under block o on .bar B 3,locking the same and lever 3 norn1al-that is, to danger-the rear end oflever k being held fast by reason of bars 0 8 and O 11 being not yetunlocked.

The above-described movement of special lock A extends to the notch inupper bar, 0 6, when the farther travel of lower bar, (J 5, causes thedouble pawl to leave said bar 0 5 and engage said bar 0 6 in readinessfor the action of lock-lever 6 to withdraw block 7 on bar 0 6 from underblock r on bar B 3, and so release signal-lever 3 by the action of lever6. Likewise the movement at the same time of upper bar, 0 5, to theright carries the special look A by means as just described, and itsnib? under the block '1" on bar 13 3, also looking signal-lever 3 todanger, and in like manner, as before explained, the farther travel ofupper bar, 0 5, forces the double pawl sont of its notch .9 5 and intothe notch s 9 in bar 0 9 in readiness for the movement of bar ()9 towithdraw special look A and its nib r from saidblock 'r on bar B 3, inlike manner as before explained, so releasing signaU-lever 3 by theaction of lever 9. Next, reversing switch. lock lever d locks switches 5to the cross-over and switches 4 and 7 to the straight line. It also, bydepressing bar B 6, carries block r thereon down on the right of blockrs scenes on lower bar, 0 5, said block and bar having already been movedto the left by the reversing of lever 5. Thus lev'er5is locked reversedby lever 6; The same movement of B 6 carries block 1' thereon down tothe right of block r on bar 0 4, so locking switch-lever 4 normal. Bymovement of upper bar, 0 6, t0 the right, caused by said downwardmovement of bar B '6, the block 4* on said bar 0 6 is carried underblock r on bar B 7 so locking lever 7 normal. Depression of bar B 6 alsomoves lower bar, G 6, to the left, causing r 6 thereon to pass clear ofblock r on bar B 8, so releasing switch-lever 8; also, movement of upperbar, 0 6, to the right, caused by depression-of bar B 6 by means ofconnection m,'causes the lower end of lever k to move to the right twiceits own movement, thereby'causing the sleeve m on lower bar, 6, to moveclear of block 0" on bar B 9, so releasing lock-lever 9, the upper endof lever 10 being held fast by bar 0 7 locked.

It is obvious that the said sleevem will lock B 9 normal only whenlevers 7 and 6 are normal; for if 7 be reversed and 6 is normal sleeve mis clear at the left of block 1' on bar B 9. If 7 be normal and 6reversed mis clear at the right of r, and if both 7 and 6 are reversed mis also clear at the right of r on bar B 9. The purpose of this is thatswitch-locks 9 may be held outof engagement when switches 7 are set tothe straight lines, and switch-locks 6 are not in engagement and free atall other times; forwheu switches 7 are so set (normal) as to carry atrain-t0 F, and locks 6 (normal) have not been thrown, it must not bepossible to throw locks'9, for, according to the rule that .the changesmust proceed in a direction toward and not from the train, locks 6 mustbe thrown before locks 9; but at all other times-that is, whenswitch-lever 7 is set (reversed) to the cross-over and 6 is (normal) notthrown, or when 7 is set(normal) to the straight line and 6 is(reversed) thrown, or when both 7 is set (reversed) to the cross-overand 6, is (reversed) thrown in either ofthese oases lockever 9 must befree to lock switches 8. Further, the reversing o f lock-lever 6releases signal-lever 3 from said lever 6 by withdrawing shoulder r ofriding lock Bfrom under block 0' on bar B 3, as before explained in thiscombination, and in connection with the operation of lower bar, ()5, andupper-bar, C 6, upon spe cial and combination locks, shown in Fig. 28.Said signal-lever 3 is, however, in like manner relocked by the nextmovement-viz., the reversing ofswitch-lever S for said movement causingbar 0 8 to move to the left, said bar carries with it the special look Aon bars 0 S and 0 11, the double pawl thereof engaging the notch s insaid bar 0 8, and said special lock, by its extension 11/, carrying tothe left the rear end of lever h and consequently ridin g lock 13', theshoulder r thereon is made to engage under block 1" on bar B 3, sorelocking signal-lever 3, the special lock A on bars G5 and C 6 (whoseextension at is now the fulcrum of lever k being held fast by reason ofupper bar, 0 6, which is now holding the special lock, being itselflocked. The same reversing of switch-lever 8 locks signal-lever 1] todanger by means of block 1' on bar B 8 sinking to theleft of blockm onbar 0 11. It also locks the lock-lever 6 reversed, since in that caseblock 7' 6 on lower bar, 0 6, being already passed to the left of block1' on bar B 8, the

fall of said block 1'- upon the right of it looks it in such position.It also, during its stroke, locks lock-lever 9, inasmuch as block r onbar B 8, in passing vertically by the flange of the block 7" 9 on bar 09, forbids any movement of said bar 0 9 till it shall have completelypassed said flange. Next, reversing lock-lever 9 releases signal-lever 3from lever 9 by moving nib r of special locl r A to the left from underblock 1" on B 3, which is done by bar 0 9 moving to the left andcarrying with it the double pawl s and look A, the

pawl being already in engagement with the notch s in said bar 0 9 by theaction of upper bar, 0 5, already described. Therev'ersinglever 9 at thesame time locks switches 8 and switch-lever 8 reversed, and releasessignallever 10, which being reversed locks lock-lever 9 reversed.

These last-mentioned changes being also the last changes involved in thesecond operation, fully described above, reference is made to thatdescription as explaining the com pletion of the present operation. Inthis operation, also, as switch-lever drernai'ns' normal, the reversingof switch-lever 8 and lock-lever 9 has upon combination-lock A and 15,arranged on barsG 4;, G 8, and O 9, the efl'ect only of moving it to theleft entirely away from its point of action, ,whereby it is simply idlein the entire operation.

' It will be seen that in the above operation signal-lever 3 is doublylocked at first by action of switch-lever 5, and when released by lever6 it is still held by lever 9, and before it is released by lever 9 itis again locked by lever 8 reversed, so that lever 3 is held lockedcourse from A to D and of restoring the same to the straight lines.

With respect to the combinationlock shown in Figs. 26 and 28, it isobvious that the like effects are produced when bar 0 11 is moved to theleft as have been before explained to occur when bar 0 S is somoved.

Fourth operation: Let it be desired to take a train from Q to F, Fig.23, or vice versa. In this operation, the switches being all set to thestraight lines, all switch-locks are disengaged and all signals'set todanger, as above mentioned. First look lever 6 is reversed, which locksswitches 4, 5, and 7 and their levers normal, and releases lock-lever 9,which is then reversed, locking switches S and their levers 8, andreleasing signal-levers 2'and 11, the former of which is'then reversed,locking lock-lever 9 reversed if the train is to pass from C to F, orthe latter also looking locklever 9 reversed if the train is to movefrom F to G. Pursue, now, the operation last described, omitting, ofcourse, the reversing of switch lever 5 and the changes consequentthereon, and the reversing of lock-lever 6 will lock switch-levers 4 and7, as before described. It will also look lever 5 normal by the fallingof block 1' on B 6 to the left of block r on bar 0 5. It will alsorelease lock-lever 9, as before described. locks switches 8 andswitch-lever 8, as described in the first operation, and releasessignal-lever 2, as follows: Depressing bar B 9 carries bar 0 9 to theleft, and with it the lower extremity of compound lever W, the center ofwhich has a fixed fulcrum in the endof harm, secured rigidly to thestand G. A movement to the right is thus given to the upper end of saidlever k and to the rear end, connected therewith, of a second lever,which lies horizontally above bars 0 5 and G 7, and is centrally pivotedto a'riding lock, B, playing between said bars (J 5 and (J 7. The frontend of the second lever k just mentioned, is connected to bar 0 7 bypintle n, which forms a fixed fulcrum therefor, said bar 0 7 being forthe present locked. Gonsequent upon the last-mentioned movement ofhorizontal lever W, the riding lock 13 and its shoulder r are moved tothe right from under block r on bar B 2, so releasing signal-lever 2,whereupon, said lever being reversed, lock-lever 9 is locked reversed bythe block 1' on bar B 2 falling to the left-of shoulder r of riding lockB, the same, through its connections with bar 0 9, holding the latterreversed.

The reversing of lever 2 sets signal 2 t0 safety and permits the trainto pass; or, if the train be desired to pass from F to 0, instead ofreversing signal-lever 2, signal-lever 11, which also was released bythe reversing of lever 9, by reason of block 1" on bar B 9 fallingentirely below andclear of the flange of block 0* on barO 11, will bereversed,which,in turn ,swill lock lock-lever 9 reversed by the saidflange moving to the left over said block 0 on bar B 9. The reversing oflever 11 will also look signal-lever 2 to danger by carrying the flangeof block 1" 11 to the left under block r on bar B2,and will also setsignal 11 to safety and permit the train to pass from F to G.

The fourth operation, of sending a train from C to F, just beforeexplained, may be modified to send the train (operation fifth) from O toE by first reversing lever 7 to set the switches 7 to the cross -over,which looks sw1tch-lever 8 normal by carrying block '1" 7 on bar 0 7 tothe right and under block r on bar B 8, and also look signal-lever 11nor- 1nal--that is, to danger-by carrying a similar block, 7" 7, on barG 7 to the right and under block W on bar B 11, and also releasessignallever 2 by the same movement of bar 0 7 to the right, which, byreason of the, pintle n The reversing, then, of lever 9 thereon,connecting it with horizontal lever k carries riding lock B and itsshoulder r from under block 4' on bar B 2. Reversing switchlever. 7 andconsequent movement of bar 0 7, also through the medium of bar m andlever k arranged itbereon, causes the sleeve m on bar 0 o to moveunderblock 1" on bar B 3, so looking signal-lever3 to danger. Next, reversinglock-lever 6,as described in the last operation, locks switch-levers 4and 5 normal and 7 reversed by carrying flange of block 7" on upper bar,(J 6,to the right and over the block 1' on bar B 7, which is at presentdepressed, switch-lever 7 being reversed. Finally, reversing lock-lever6 releases signal-lever 2 by removing block 1 6 on lower bar, G 6, fromunder block 0" on bar 13 2, and signal-lever 2 being now reversed to setthe said signal to safety, train may pass from from O to E.

It will be seen that reversing of leverfi, just described, will notdisturb the locking of lever 3, above described, for the reason that thesaid movement of lower bar, 0 6, will afl'ect spe" cial lock A,arranged. thereon, only to the extent of forcing the double pawl 's-intothe notch s in lower bar, 0 5. The fulcrum, therefore,

of lever k in the movement therein referred to, will not be disturbed.

Sixth operation: To take :a train from ,to E, Fig. 23, switch-lever 5remains normal and switch-lever 7 is reversed, which looks switch-lever8 normal and signal-levers 11 and 3 normal-that is, to danger-andreleases signal-lever 2 by the means described in the last operation.It-also releases signal-lever l by removing the sleeve m on upper bar, 05, from under the block 1* on bar B 1, said sleeve being rigidlyconnected by bar m to the riding lock 13 on said bar '0 5 and bar 0 7,and deriving its movement from it, as described in the last operation.Now, reversing switch-lever 4 to set the switches 4 to the cross-overlocks lever 5 normal by carrying block 1* 'on bar 0 4 to the right underblock r on bar B '5, so holding switches 5 to the straight lines- Italso locks in the same manner signal-lever'2 to danger; also forces pawls of special lock,

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A arranged on it into the notch s? of upper bar, 0 .6, thereby attachingsaid lock to said bar, (in readiness for bar 0 6 to release bar B 1 byremoving nib r of lock A from under block r on bar B l, as will behereafter required when the reversing of lock-lever 6, locking switches7, 4, and 5, shall com plete the combination, and leave only signal 1 tobe cleared.) Reversing switch-lever 4, also by movement of bar 0 4 tothe right, locks signal-lever 10 to danger, as already described in thesecond operation, bar G 8 being already locked normal by switch-lever 7,and, in connection with special look A, holding the folcrum ofhorizontal lever k fast: It may also be observed that reversingswitch-lever 4 during its stroke locks lock-lever 6 normal ina manneralready set forth. Now, reversin g locklever'G locks switches 7, 4, and.5 in the posiing already moved to the right by the reversing ofswitch-lever 4 and lock-lever 6, and its pawls .9 being in sameposition, as shown, and

preventing-the return of either. The reversing of lever 1 also lockssignal-lever 10 by block r on bar B 1 falling to the left of block r l0on bar 0 10, and sets signal 1 to safety, so that the train may nowpass.

It will be seen thatthe combination of special look A, lever 16 arrangedupon lower bars, 0 4 and O 5, and bar 0 7, is substantially identical instructure and operation with the like combination arranged upon barsG 4,O 8, and O 9,

the former being arranged vertically and the latter horizontally, andthe former employing a sliding sleeve, m, and the latter a riding lock.The above-explained are the most compli- \cated of the operationsinvolved in Fig. 23.

\ These combination and special locks may be applied to the mostcomplicated system of running trains with absolute safety.

The space on bars 0 may sometimes be cccupied at the point where aspecial com binationlock shouldbe placed, and to avoid trouble in suchcases I use the small sliding sleeve m (shown in Fig. 5) upon any barthat affords the necessary space, and place the combination-lock at anyavailable point on its own bars 0, and then connect the two locks by asupplementary bar.

'Figs. 6 and 10 show a modification of my combination-lock which may beused when all of the locking-bars 0 move in the same direction, the endof the lever It being moved first, locking the bar B, which is releasedagain upon movement of the opposite end of the same lever k in the samedirection, which is effected by either of the other locking-bars. Thelast-mentioned result may be accomplished by using the leverkfl-attached to av lock, or one end of another lever, as desired.

From the-foregoing description it is obvious that my special andcombination locks may be applied in a great variety of positions andrelations upon sets of bars traveling vertically and horizontally; thatthey may themselves, both in part and in whole, be joined and combinedfor purposes and effects, as plainly above indicated; that the movementof one or both sets of bars may be by rotation or oscillation instead oflongitudinally sliding so long as the movement of either one of the setsmay act as a check and release upon the movement of the other. I

Itis also obvious that the movement of the bars may be actuated by thelevers themselves instead of by the catches; but I prefer the,

latter.

A girt of cylindrical figure embodies the same capacity for support andresistance as the girts of rectan gular figure heretofore used, butenables the shoes to be arranged thereon and all the parts to be broughttogether in a more compact form, and admits of their extension in largemachines without modification of their exterior figure. Similaradvantages may be gained by a girt of rectangular figure placed with twoof its diagonally-oppositecorners in a vertical plane and two in ahorizontal plane.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, -is-- p 1'.In an interlocking switch and signal apparatus, a cylindrical girtbetween its supporting columns or standards, provided with pivotalbearings, in combination with bellcranks or levers, substantially as andfor the purposes set forth.

- 2. A girt having projections a, with slots 1) and recesses c, incombination with pins 6?,

keys a and straps E, substantially as and for the purposes set forth;

3. The end plates, A, having an angular base,-

a, in combination with and bolted to the flanges t" i of columns H andgirt B, the base of said plates being constructed to leave a ledge orrest on flange t for the support of flange '6 of girt B, substantiallyas shown and set forth.

4. The end plates, A, havingan angular base,

a provided with a web or webs, a, for at fording the requisite strengthto theplates, in combination withand bolted to the flanges i iof columnsH and girt B, substantially as shown. and set forth.

5. The base of the column H, having a recess, q, forming a shoulder,p,below, to receive and support theflange i of bell-crank girt D inaline flush with the inner side of the base, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

6, The shoes A', having slots f and f" formed therein at lessthan aright angle with relation to each other, f being continuous through theshoes, and the boss f located at or near the rear angle of the shoes,whereby said shoes may be pivoted low upon the girt.

and have full clearance of other parts, and the levers, when normal,stand at or near a vertical position, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

-7. The combination, with a girt, B, of the shoes A, having thethrough-slot f",constructed with relation to the pivotal connection ofthe shoe with the girt, whereby a continuous bar, F F, ay be used forcounterweight andsignal-connection, and the shoes, when normal, mayoverhang the girt, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

8. The combination, with a girt, B, of the shoe A, provided with theslots f f, to rethe floor-plate,

'ing the boss f at or near the rear angle, as

shown, and for the purposes set forth.

9. The locking devices I, having arms 11 b permanently fastened to thehand-levers A, in combination with the segment-levers I, substantiallyas and for the purposes set forth.

1.0. In an interlocking switch and signal apparatus, the solidsegment-levers I, pivoted to in combination with the handlevers,substantially as and for the purposes set forth. I

11. The catch-guide K, provided with friction-rollers l g h and spiralsprings 2", in combination with segment-levers I, catch-rods N, andhand-levers A, substantially as and for the purposes set fortl 12. Thecombination of the arcs eon the under side of the floor plate with thecatchguides K and hand-levers A, substantially as and for the purposesset forth.

13. The combination of the shoes A, catchguides K, locking devices I,hand-levers A, and segment-levers I, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

14. The combination of the lock-bars B and segment-levers I by means ofconnectingarms P and friction-rollers R R, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

15. The floor-plate E, provided with flanges 0 f f and lugs 6 incombination with lock-bars B, substantially as and for forth.

' 16. The combination of the connecting-block carrying the number-plateL with the rod N and handle M, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

17. In an interlocking apparatus, the combination, with lock-bars B,having locking projections, of interlocking bars 0, arranged in serieson both sides of bars B, and placed at a suflicicnt distance from thelock-bars B to allow the use of projections on both series of bars (J,whereby special and combination lock-s maybe used between and upon thebars, to engage with the bars only which require to interlock,substantially as set forth.

18. The lever la in combination with interlocking bars, whereby themovement of one interlocking bar may modify the operation and eifect ofanother interlocking bar, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

1!). The lever is, in combination with the riding lock B andinterlocking bars, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

20. The lever W, in combination with the riding lock 13' andinterlocking bars, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

21. The lever W, in combination with the sliding sleeve m andinterlocking bars, substantiall y as and for the purposes set forth.

22. The lever k having connecting-bars m m, in combination with thesliding sleeve on and interlocking bars, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

23. The lever R in combination with the special lock A and one or moreof the interthe purposes set locking bars 0, substantially as and forthe purposes set forth.

24. The double pawl s, in combination with the interlocking bars 0,provided with the notches 8 to receive the pawl, substantially as andfor the purposes set forth.

25. The lock A, provided with the double pawl, in combination with theinterlocking bars having the notches 8 substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

26. The lock A having the extension at,

and provided with the pawl s, in combination with the bars 0, having thenotches 8 substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

27. The lock A in combination with the lock B and the interlocking barsQ, substan tially as and for the purposes set forth.

28. The lock A in combination with the lock 13' and the interlockingbars 0, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

29. The lock A in combination with the locking-sleeve m, lever k andinterlocking bars (3, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

30. The lock A in combination with the locking sleeve m, connectingbarsm, lever k and the interlocking bars (1, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

3h. A special lock provided with vibrating angular, points, incombination with interlocking bars, in such ,mannerand in such relationto the direction of their movement that moving in one direction eitherof two bars will move the lock, and moving in the other direction bothof two bars will be requisite to move the lock, substantially as and forthe purposes set forth.

32. The combination, with interlocking bars, of a special lockconsisting of a lever, h and a sliding lock or sleeve so arranged onsaid bars and. in such relation to their movement that the movement ofone bar in one directionshall lock, and that of another in the oppositedirection shall release, (or the con verse,) a lever, substantially asand for the purposes set forth.

' 33. The combination,with interlocking bars and a lever, k of a speciallock and a riding lock so arranged on said bars and in such relation tothe direction of their movement that the movement of one bar shall looka lever, another shall release, and another shall reloek the same lever,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

34.. The combination, with interlockingbars and a lever, W, of ridingand special locks so arranged thereonand in such relation to theirdirection of movement that one of said bars sha'll lock, anotherrelease, and either of two others reloek (or the converse) a lever,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

35. The combination, with interlocking bars and a sleeve, m, of aspecial lock, in such manner that said sleeve shall partake of themovement of said special lock, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

36. The combination, with interlocking bars,

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of a sleeve, m, and a riding lock, in such mane ner that said sleevepartakes of the movement [O to ride opon one or more interlocking bars,in

combination with a special lock, A", substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

39. The combination, with two interlocking bars adapted to move in thesame direction 5 and provided with notches and with points 8 incliningin the same direction, of a special lock, A arranged thereonand'provided with a double pawl adapted to engage said points, wherebyeither of said bars may move said lock, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

40. The combination, with twointerlocking bars adapted to move in thesame direction and'provided with notches and with points 8", incliningin a direction opposite to the movement of s id bars, of a special look,A", arranged thereon and provided with adouble pawl adapted to engagesaidpoints, whereby the movement of both said bars is'requisite to movesaid lock, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

41. The combination of a lever or levers, 7: with a riding lock andinterlocking bars,,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

42. The switch-lever G, pivoted at the center to the connection (1?, andhaving its'ends connected with the hai'id-levers of an interlockingswitch and signal apparatus, all combined to operate switchesorsigiials, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

43. The tie plates and guides u a, in combination with the lock-bars Band stands 0, the tie-plates being provided with angular projections ontheir. inner ends to fit in a groove in thetop of the middle stand, andfastened to the top of the stands by screws or bolts, substantially asand for the purposes set-forth.

In testimony that'l claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this25th day of October, 1879.

ALBERT G. CUMMINGS.

Witnesses:

I GILBERT THOMPSON,

W. G. DUVALL.

